Food Preservation - Principle 4

Reduction in Physical Defects { Principle 4 }

Food is also spoiled by physical defects during handling and processing. These physical defects should be reduced to avoid food spoilage, as is is told in principle 4 of food preservation. Surface drying and crystallization are the most common physical defects. These must be controlled.

Surface Drying

The drying out observed on the surface of certain foods during frozen storage is an important physical defect that can be controlled by proper packaging and maintenance of a steady storage temperature. If more humidity is maintained in storage , then surface drying can be minimized. The use of ultra violate lamp in storage is also helpful.

Crystallization

Another common physical defect involves crystallization (formation of small pieces) of sugar form syrups and other sugar based products. Such defective products develop a bad taste. This can be prevented by using a mixture of of two or more sugars instead of single sugar. A solution having 60% sucrose( a sugar) will develop crystals. whereas a solution containing 75% total sugars made up of careful blend of sucrose(a sugar), glucose(a sugar) and fructose (a sugar) will show no visible signs of crystals.

Food Preservation - Principle 3

Control of Pest Activities {Principle 3 }

Principle 3 of food preservation tells that food can be saved from spoilage damage caused by pest (these are also insects but they compete with Human for food). Insects, rodents and birds have attained pest status in most countries. These cause heavy damage to food stuff. these are a constant threat to man's survival. These must be controlled to avoid food spoilage.

Control of Insects

Insects destroy almost 50 percent of the annual cereal grain crops in some developing countries. Traditionally, food industry has controlled insect pests in grains and some dried food by fumigation (process in which fumes of chemicals are used to kill insets). Such chemicals are used which give maximum insect control and minimum health hazard(damage).These food are further protected from insects by packaging in insect proof containers.

Control of Rodents

Complete removal of rodents is almost impossible. The situation is worse in developing countries. Systematic control of rat and mice is practiced in most of the industrial units of developed countries. A typical systematic control includes the use of poison baits, rat-traps and biological method ( use of Cats ) to kill rat and mice.

Control of Birds

Birds consume grains in the field before crop is harvested. This loss by birds has traditionally been reduced by installing noise-making dummies ( shaped like humans or animals ) at different points in the farm. Birds also contaminate(add impurities) food and water. To prevent this, bird screens can be used over grain or water storage.

Food Preservation - Principle 2

Prevention or Delay of Bacterial Activity {Principle 2}

As it is told in principle 2 of food preservation that by keep in microorganisms e.g bacteria out of food is helpful in the preservation of food.

How this can be done?

Firstly, precautions may be taken to prevent their entry in the food, but where they have already gained access,these may be thrown out.

Keeping microorganisms out

Nature creates all foods free from microorganisms and provides a protective covering to prevent their entry inside the food. Orange, Banana, Mango, Wheat, Maize, Rice and Groundnut etc. are all free free from microorganisms when produced. The skin, peel,husk and shell provide protection to food from the entry of bacteria and other microorganisms. So far as these bacteria are not allowed to enter the food, our food is preserved and cannot be spoiled.

Creation of Unfavourable Conditions

Such conditions are provided to food in storage which are not favourable for the growth of microorganisms. Canning is commercially done to prevent the entry of bacteria into the food. In canning, food is packed inside tin cans.

Temperature is yet another very effective tool in the hands of people engaged in food preservation to create unfavourable conditions.

Food Preservation - Principle 1

Prevention and Delay of Autolysis {Principle 1}

It is told in principle 1 of food preservation that autolysis (process in which food is spoiled by enzymes) can be prevented by destruction of enzymes. How we can destroy enzymes? We can do this by treatment of food with high temperature, low temperature and removal of moisture from food.

Treatment with high temperature

Some fruits and most of the vegetables are normally subjected to around 100 degree centigrade for a few minutes. As a result of this exposure to high temperature,most of the damaging enzymes are destroyed. High temperature physically kills the enzymes.

Treatment with Low Temperature

In this treatment food is subjected to low temperature. This low temperature effect the growth of enzyme but slow down their growth. As the growth of enzyme is slow down they cannot spoil the food. Refrigerators and cold storage are used for this purpose.

Removal of moisture

Enzyme require moisture for their activity. If moisture is not available , they cannot perform their function and food is preserved. The moisture in food is removed by sun drying, dehydration(removal of water from food) and evaporation(removal of moisture in the form of vapours).

How to Create XmlHttpRequest Object

It's a bit difficult .
Because each and every browser vendor implemented this XmlHttpReuest object in their own style.
if we take a look at this XmlHttpRequest object implmentation there are two types one is Microsofts Approach is in the form ActiveXObject.
Good what about browsers that doesn't support ActivexObjects .
Browsers like Firefox,Mozilla,Opera,Safari... etc implemented this XmlHttpRequest object as Built in Javascript object.
Note: in Internet Explorer 5.5 version XmlHttpRequest is implement in "MICROSOFT.XMLHTTP" and in version 6.0 it is "MSXML2.XMLHTTP".
we can create XmlHttpRequest object using a try catch block or If Else structure now we will see both of them.
First:
Using Try Catch
function createXmlHttpRequestfun()
{
var XmlHttp=null;
try{
XmlHttp=new XmlHttpRequest(); // for opera,firefox,safari... etc
}
catch() //if it fails it must be interent explorer
{
try
{
XmlHttp=new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); // check whether it is a IE 5.5
}
catch
{
XmlHttp=new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); // check whether it is a IE 6.0
}
}
if(XmlHttp==null)
{
alert("Browser Doesn't support Ajax");
return null;
}
else
return XmlHttp;
}

2)
Now Using If Else
function createXmlHttpRequestfun()
{
var XmlHttp=null;
if(window.XMLHttpRequest) //Checking whether it is a firefox,opera...
{
XmlHttp= new XMLHttpRequest();
}
else if(window.ActiveXObject)//Checking whether it is a IE or not
{
XmlHttp= new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); //for IE 5.5
if(XmlHttp==null)
XmlHttp= new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP"); //for IE 6.0
}
if(XmlHttp==null)
{
alert("Browser Doesn't support Ajax");
return null;
}
else
return XmlHttp;
}

What is Ajax??

Well First of all before going to learn about ajax we must know what ajax stands for........
Ajax shortly stands for "Asynchronous javascript and xml"
Ajax is there from the very beginning but made popular by Google....
Ajax is not a new technology not even a new programming language it is just a new way of using existing standards and technologies.
to do Ajax programming one must know the following...
1)HTML (mostly we use div and span tags)
2)CSS (Optional)
3)JavaScript
4)XML(Optional)
Ajax : It is a way of sending HTTP Requests to web server from JavaScript Using "XmlHttpRequest" Object .
Think about web whith out Ajax what are the other ways of sending request from web page .
1)By Clicking HyperLink Tag.
2)Clicking Submit Button.
For this kinds of requests we will see a new page will be loaded.
What if we want to load new things in to a page that was already loaded in to the browser. Here the Ajax comes in to play.
Using Ajax it is Possible to send requests to webserver from webpage in background means user will not aware of this requests.The response that comes from webserver will be inserted in to the existing (already loaded) page using javascript and html span and div tags.
Basically sending and receiving requests to and from server are handled by "XmlHttpRequest" Object .

Note:In Ajax we will never see a new page is going to loaded(No page refresh) all the things are going to happen in a single page.Simple i can say it works like a stand alone application. Most importantly browsers back button doesn't work.

Tips for Building a great blog

1:Before Starting to build a popular blog

Before starting a blog you must think , Is "Blogging is right for you". There are any factors you should consider for this and it is the first step for becoming a successful blogger. The factors include:

a}Become a good surfer of internet

A good blogger will surf the internet. you should do the same so that you can view other blogs,websites and you will know how to write articles and how to attract visitors to become your blog subscribers

b}Teach yourself to improve english skills

Learn how to write the posts to attract visitors.

2:Choosing a right Blogging software

There are many blogging softwares, Some are free and some cost you.You should choose which one best suites your need. Choose from one of the softwares:

a}wordpress:

If you want a free blog, you can get it from wordpress.They will give you hosting and a subdomain like www.yourname.wordpress.com .. But you cannot place advertaising on this free blog, you can't upload new plugins or themes,widgets.
If you want all these features, then you should buy webspace and install wordpress software which is free and is available at www.wordpress.org .

b}Blogger:

Blogger is a free software and easy to write posts in it.Many websites are offering free blogger templates and you can choose from them.You are given many widgets in blogger.Easy to use all of them. You can also include your domain name than using www.yourname.blogspot.com .You can also place google adsense advertaising ads directly.

c}Typepad

Unlike other blogging software TypePad is not free.You have to pay money for using it and they provide the hosting for your blog.

d}MovableType

Summary

You can choose blogger if you want free blog with all features. If you want great blogging experiance and you can spend money for hosting and domain, then choose worpress although free wordpress is there only you can express feelings in your blog not more than that